Swimming pools are water entertainment venues that are used repeatedly by many people. According to their usage, they can be divided into competition swimming pools, diving swimming pools, training swimming pools and paddling swimming pools. Their design must comply with relevant national standards and be equipped with complete swimming pool water purification and disinfection facilities.
The water quality of swimming pools is easily affected by pollutants such as human dirt, bacteria, viruses, urea, dandruff, hair flakes, cosmetics, grease, sweat, oral and nasal secretions, dust, leaves, and insects. At the same time, it may also breed fungi and algae, causing the water quality to turn green, yellow or black. This article will explore effective solutions to these problems in combination with professional water treatment technology.
Common water quality problems in swimming pools and their treatment methods
Pool water turns green
Cause: Usually due to the appearance of moss underwater, especially in pool water that has been in the shade or cloudy conditions for a long time.
Treatment method:
Physical treatment: Use a pool brush to clean the pool walls and bottom.
Chemical treatment:
· Add strong chlorine in proportion, or local treatment can be performed on the green area.
· Add copper sulfate after 2 hours to inhibit algae regrowth.
· Note: If the two drugs are mixed in the water within two hours, the water will turn milky white.
Subsequent treatment: Perform underwater vacuuming after 12 hours to completely remove sediment.
The swimming pool water turns yellow
Cause: It is mostly due to excessive water rust or the filtration system (such as sand tank) needs backwashing.
Treatment method:
· Add alum in proportion to promote flocculation and precipitation of suspended matter.
· Add strong chlorine after 2 hours to further oxidize and decompose organic matter.
· Perform underwater vacuuming after 12 hours to remove sediment.
Swimming pool water turns black
Cause: Usually because the circulation filtration system is not turned on after the new water is added, or the filtration device (such as quartz sand tank) is too dirty.
Treatment method:
· Immediately turn on the circulation filtration to ensure sufficient water flow.
· If there is no improvement after 8 hours, add aluminum sulfate in proportion to promote impurity flocculation.
· Add strong chlorine after 2 hours to kill microorganisms and oxidize organic matter.
· After 12 hours, perform underwater vacuuming to restore the water quality to clarity.
The following steps are generally used for swimming pool water purification:
coagulation, clarification, pool suction, disinfection, and circulation filtration.
Coagulation
Use coagulants (such as aluminum salts, iron salts or high molecular polymers) to generate large-particle sediments through flocculation and bridging, and then remove them through suction filtration.
Sedimentation
The large-particle sediments after coagulation sink to the bottom of the pool, and the upper water becomes clear.
Vacuuming
Use a vacuum machine to remove sediments at the bottom of the pool to prevent secondary pollution.
Disinfection
Add disinfectants to kill bacteria, viruses, algae and other microorganisms in the water.
Circulation Filtration
The treated water passes through a device equipped with quartz sand, activated carbon and other filter materials to further intercept residual impurities and purify the water quality.
Swimming pool water treatment agents and usage methods
1. Stop and prevent moss growth
Add copper sulfate, 2-3 kg per 1000 m³ of water, 1-2 times a month (or use when insects or moss are found). Copper sulfate, also known as blue vitriol, is an algaecide. It is a blue asymmetric triclinic crystal or powder that is easily soluble in water. It can kill and resist the growth of microorganisms and can adjust the pool water to a seawater-like blue. 2 hours after adding copper sulfate, perform the following operations:
2. Adjust the pH value of swimming pool water
There are two types of pH value adjusting drugs:
(1) Sodium carbonate (soda ash), white powder or fine particles, easily soluble in water, alkaline, use this drug when the pH value is low, the pH value will increase by about 1 degree, 15g per 1m³ of water.
(2) Hydrochloric acid, strong acid, when the pH value reaches above 8.2, 5~10Kg can be added per 1000m³. When the pH value of the pool water is 7.5~8.0, it is suitable.
3. Sterilization and disinfection
Swimming pool disinfectant powder, swimming pool disinfectant tablets and other swimming pool water disinfection drugs. Broad-spectrum sterilization, easy to use. Stable properties, long validity period, long stability time of aqueous solution. Strong decontamination ability, it is a new generation of high-efficiency and enhanced ideal organochlorine disinfectant for various organic pollutants.
4. Sedimentation
Use polyaluminium chloride (PAC) at a dosage of 5-10 kg per 1000 m³. After the application, open the circulation system for half an hour to allow snowflakes to appear in the water, and then let it stand for 6-8 hours before vacuuming.
5. Vacuuming
After completing the above procedures, vacuum. Note: When performing steps 1 to 3, the circulation system should be turned on to evenly disperse the agent in the water. If there is no circulation system, try every means to make it even.
Conventional five-step method for post-management of swimming pool water quality:
1. Control bacterial and viral contamination
In order to effectively control the contamination of harmful bacteria and viruses, disinfectants can be added to the pool water in a reasonable manner. Common disinfectants used by household users include bromine and its compounds, chlorine and its compounds. In special cases, an excessive amount of sodium hypochlorite (which can be replaced by a clean water shock treatment agent) or calcium hypochlorite can be added at one time to form a higher chlorine concentration to inhibit algae growth, reduce the odor of chloroform, and destroy organic pollutants. In addition, a one-time excessive amount of chlorine gas can be introduced to make the chlorine concentration in the pool water reach about 10 mg/L, which can effectively prevent the reproduction of bacteria and algae. It is recommended that such treatment be performed once a week for home swimming pools to ensure water safety.
2. Preventing Algae Growth
Algae are tiny plants that come in many different types and can reproduce rapidly in water. Algae growth consumes carbon dioxide from the water, causing the pH to rise rapidly, while dead algae consume oxygen from the water, causing the pool water to become cloudy. Algae usually enters the pool through spores in the air, lawn and soil wash, especially after heavy rains or when the water temperature is high.
Control Methods:
· Maintain sufficient residual chlorine concentration to inhibit algae reproduction.
· Use the algaecide crystalline copper sulfate, which is easily soluble in water and can effectively inhibit algae growth and make the water appear blue.
· Avoid bathing in the pool to prevent serious water pollution.
3. Adjust the hardness of water
The hardness of water is mainly determined by the concentration of calcium ions:
Hard water: calcium ion concentration exceeds 250 mg/L and alkalinity is higher than 150 mg/L. The pH value of hard water is relatively stable, but the pH value of swimming pool water should not be stabilized by increasing the water hardness.
Soft water: calcium carbonate concentration is less than 50 mg/L or calcium chloride concentration is less than 30 mg/L. The pH value of soft water is difficult to maintain stable.
Treatment method:
For hard water sources, a water softener can be set at the water inlet for pretreatment.
For soft water sources, using calcium hypochlorite as a disinfectant can help increase the hardness of water.
The hardness of water should be moderate. Too high will cause aggregates to appear on the pool wall, and too low will erode the pool wall mortar.
4. Keep the pool water clear and clean
The water's clarity and cleanliness can be reflected by the total soluble solids (TDS) indicator. TDS refers to charged chemicals that accumulate in the pool water, especially when the pool water evaporates or there is insufficient fresh water. These substances are difficult to see with the naked eye, but their conductivity can corrode equipment such as pumps, pipes, and filters.
TDS sources:
The long-term use of sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant can lead to the accumulation of chlorides.
Regular addition of substances such as aluminum sulfate and sodium bisulfate can lead to increased sulfate concentrations.
Control methods:
· Backwash the pool regularly.
· Add fresh water in time to prevent TDS from being too high.
5. Stabilize the pH value of pool water
The pH range of pool water specified in the "Standards for Water Quality and Hygiene of Artificial Swimming Pools" is 6.5~8.5, and the pH value of water can be measured with a simple test paper. At the same time, pay attention to another indicator closely related to pH: total alkalinity. Total alkalinity reflects the ease with which the pH of the water changes. If the total alkalinity is lower than 80 mg/L, the pH is not stable enough and is prone to fluctuations; when the total alkalinity is higher than 200 mg/L, the pH is too stable and difficult to adjust.
The importance of pH value:
High alkalinity and high pH will cause turbidity in the water and form sediments; too low alkalinity will cause corrosion to the equipment and cause discomfort to swimmers.
Control method:
Use stabilizers to maintain the pH value between 6.5 and 8.5.
Maintain the total alkalinity between 80 and 200 mg/L to ensure the stability of the pH value.
The key to daily maintenance of home swimming pools is reasonable water quality management. Master basic water quality management knowledge and perform regular maintenance to ensure that the swimming pool water quality is always in the best condition.
Foshan Guanya Swimming Pool Equipment Co., Ltd.
TEL/WhatsApp: +8613049167131